Internet Security

Can Decentralized Finance Become the Future’s New Digital Economy ?

Over the past two years, DeFi has perhaps become the most striking event in cryptocurrency reality. The rise of this new star is closely tied to Ethereum, the second-largest cryptocurrency network by market capitalization, on top of which almost every existing DeFi application runs. The fact of the matter is, Ethereum is not only a…

Over the past two years, DeFi has perhaps become the most striking event in cryptocurrency reality. The rise of this new star is closely tied to Ethereum, the second-largest cryptocurrency network by market capitalization, on top of which almost every existing DeFi application runs. The fact of the matter is, Ethereum is not only a digital asset that allows you to make transfers on the blockchain network but also an entire ecosystem within which you can provide services and perform more complex tasks, such as writing smart contracts. It was these two functions that became the foundation for the emergence of the DeFi phenomenon, which ultimately became something of a spontaneous market response to the request for freedom of financial services and their equal provision to any participant in the ecosystem, regardless of the social status and geographic location. Over the past year, the capitalization of the DeFi market has grown by almost 60 times reaching a height of $130 billion, and the total value of user deposits (total value locked, TVL) has grown about 100 times, reaching roughly $100 billion. Many analysts predicted the industry to have the quickest decline in history, but DeFi withstood every problem it faced thanks to its underlying network. Being overloaded with transactions allowed for a general correction in the cryptocurrency market, which brought down the cost of the first cryptocurrency and along with it, the rest of the crypto assets in the spring and summer of 2021. Despite all the negative events, DeFi continued to grow. What was the fundamental driving force behind this growth? The art of cutting off obstacles The coolest feature of DeFi is the elimination of middlemen from its financial processes. In CeFi (centralized finance), the transaction’s confidence is provided by an intermediary: a bank, a stock exchange, a brokerage office, a settlement center, etc. The intermediary typically performs important functions for the economy such as storage and movement of funds, as well as lending to individuals and organizations. Everyone is more or less familiar with the shortcomings of these organizations: due to their complex and demanding structure, they exclude more than a billion inhabitants of the planet from economic life, and the high commissions they charge customers guarantee neither a quick nor a trouble-free transaction. Often transactions, especially international ones, may be delayed for no apparent reason, and some of them may be regarded as suspicious. All this leaves the feeling that your money does not belong to you, it’s as if someone is disposing of your funds at his own discretion. This situation, however, has greatly changed thanks to blockchain — a transaction register protected from unauthorized access, distributed among users, and belonging to everyone and no one in particular at the same time. Due to its decentralization, a common transaction log serves as a general source of truth for all network participants. And if some network participants are motivated to give their free funds to others, while others take these funds as a loan from a bank, then there is no need for an intermediary: the role of the trusted party is played by the blockchain itself, and a self-executing smart contract guarantees the fulfillment of the conditions. The same applies to any other economic interactions — insurance, the issuance of stable assets backed by currencies or individual advantages of protocols, and even the sale of unique works of art in the form of NFT tokens. The uniqueness of DeFi lies in the fact that the users of decentralized applications (DApps) get rid of not only financial intermediaries from the real world but also centralized crypto platforms that require them to verify their identity with the personal information disclosure, which essentially violates one of the basic principles of cryptocurrencies — anonymity. DeFi, with its decentralized exchanges (DEXs), allows its users to trade without having to go through identity verification, interference of anti-money laundering regulations, or any other restrictions that centralized exchanges were forced to impose. DeFi is more than fintech. Most fintech projects are a digital shell that wraps up old systemic phenomena. DeFi, on the other hand, functions on a completely new basis as it gives total independence to people when it comes to choosing a path in the financial world. Of course, DeFi still faces problems. For example, the congestion of the Ethereum core network with the popularity of DeFi itself leads to the birth of too many transactions, which then results in higher fees. On top of that, many applications still have awkward, clumsy user interfaces. As such, DeFi can be considered as a simple local phenomenon, which only people from the crypto world or those well versed in technical nuances can enter. Because DeFi is still difficult for those who are far from being tech geniuses. These are important problems that need to be addressed, and whoever overcomes these obstacles will emerge victorious. How the LocalTrade ecosystem solves the pressing problems of DeFi In fact, despite the explosive growth, DeFi is still beyond the attention of most financial market participants. This will undoubtedly change soon thanks to the LocalTrade platform — a universal cryptocurrency exchange and an ecosystem of financial products that aims to bridge the gap between traditional finance and the cryptocurrency industry. The LocalTrade ecosystem includes a full-fledged centralized trading platform and a decentralized financial platform for investments named DeFi Lab. Combining the experience and powerful technical infrastructure of CeFi with the capabilities of DeFi, LocalTrade attracts traders and investors from fields. If they wish, they can join the world of decentralized finance just as easily as they would be dealing with traditional financial products that they understand. LocalTrade intends to become the first platform that will allow everyone, even those who have only a fiat bank card and $10 in their account, to get unhindered access to the most profitable DeFi and CeFi products. How is this possible? Using the capabilities of CEX, LocalTrade simultaneously simplifies the process of investing in DeFi products and makes this investment safer. This part of the LocalTrade ecosystem is called DeFi Lab, and it includes components such as NeoBroker smart-fund, DeFi Wallet, a Launchpad for crowdfunding, as well as last year’s trend — yield farming, and even more. LocalTrade’s products are absolutely unique, so let’s briefly describe the essence of the innovative functions that you can access in the updated LocalTrade platform. LocalTrade’s DeFi Tools LocalTrade’s DeFi Wallet is not your everyday wallet, but rather a product that will allow you to promote DeFi and make it mainstream. This is a smart multi-currency wallet for mobile devices with an intuitive interface, completely private and confidential with 100% storage of information locally on the user’s device, full data encryption, 2FA, and biometric authentication for increased security. You can set up commissions in the wallet, but its killer feature is the ability to exchange assets from different blockchains within the same application. This specific option makes DeFi Wallet the world’s first decentralized crypto wallet with a cross-chain exchange functionality. LocalTrade’s DeFi Lab is a set of special digital tools tailored for investments and are classified by categories based on their risk factor. DeFi Lab is designed to meet users’ needs and is available to all retail investors. These tools are available for investors with different levels of DeFi knowledge, ranging from pros to newbies. NeoBroker Smart Fund allows users to invest in company shares before their initial public offering( pre-IPO), thus becoming a co-owner of such companies. Yield Farming Protocol offers users high APY rates for their assets, which will be used to mine liquidity via a variety of DeFi projects. Token Sale Investpool is a solution that allows users to purchase tokens from crypto projects that are currently on the pre-sale/ICO stage in order to get enhanced returns. LocalTrade Launchpad is a tool for more sophisticated investors, aimed at supporting and promoting cryptocurrency projects, as well as allowing the investors to purchase tokens during IDO, at the lowest price possible. All projects hosted by LocalTrade’s DeFi Lab undergo strict verification and audit of smart contracts to identify potential risks and thus prevent users from investing in intentionally fraudulent projects. There is also an opportunity to earn money on the platform using the LocalTrade token (LTT), which is a BEP-20 standard token issued on the Binance Smart Chain. The LTT token combines utility and governance functionalities, powering the entire LocalTrade ecosystem. As a link between the LocalTrade CEX and DeFi platforms, LTT includes a unique token model and is used in various cases on the platform. There are several ways to earn money with LTT: Staking, through which users join the DAO Sharing Economy and can participate in the management of the platform. Receiving remuneration for attracting new participants. Adding LTT to liquidity pools and receiving rewards for farming. The LocalTrade VISA card & The NeoBank application are other LocalTrade products that allow you to use crypto whilst still enjoying the full convenience of fiat money. The card instantly converts cryptocurrency into fiat, after which you can pay for any purchases. At the same time, cashback in LTT tokens is paid for using the card. In addition, the card allows you to withdraw cash at any ATM. Conclusion If bitcoin was the spark for the financial services’ revolution, then DeFi was the catalyst for this process. Companies that bring DeFi into the mainstream are doing a huge service not only to the world of technology but also to the entire human society. This is exactly the task that LocalTrade has taken upon itself, providing its users with a full set of tools that will allow them to enter the world of DeFi as smoothly as possible. On the platform, LocalTrade conducts step-by-step training in mastering DeFi within the framework of its university. After graduating, students will not only have a clear understanding of DeFi, but also of traditional financial instruments and investing in general.  
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Internet Security

How a national security threat label has reignited Indonesia’s LGBTQ debate

Advertisement Asia How a national security threat label has reignited Indonesia’s LGBTQ debate Indonesia last October classified the “spread of LGBTQ culture” as one of the country’s non-military threats. A series of developments thrust the provision into the public eye this month, sparking a debate.   A street vendor walks past a banner reading ‘Indonesia

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How a national security threat label has reignited Indonesia’s LGBTQ debate

Indonesia last October classified the “spread of LGBTQ culture” as one of the country’s non-military threats. A series of developments thrust the provision into the public eye this month, sparking a debate.

 

How a national security threat label has reignited Indonesia's LGBTQ debate

A street vendor walks past a banner reading ‘Indonesia LGBT Emergency’ in front a mosque in Jakarta, Indonesia, January 25, 2018. (REUTERS/Beawiharta)


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21 Jul 2026 06:00AM
(Updated: 21 Jul 2026 10:59AM)



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SINGAPORE: For more than eight months, a provision tucked away in an Indonesian presidential regulation on national defence drew little public attention.

In an appendix to Presidential Regulation No. 111/2025 on the General National Defence Policy signed in October last year, the government classified the “spread of LGBTQ culture” as one of the country’s non-military threats. 

The clause, referring to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual and queer culture, appeared alongside a range of other threats deemed capable of affecting national resilience. They included illegal trafficking, natural resource theft, terrorism, atheism and radicalism.

A presidential regulation is a legally binding regulation published in the State Gazette, while General National Defence Policy documents are highly technical and usually attract little public attention outside government and defence circles.

But a series of developments thrust the provision into the public eye this month, sparking a debate on the place of LGBTQ issues in state policy and the extent to which social issues should be framed within Indonesia’s defence strategy.

The issue quickly spread beyond social media into mainstream Indonesian media with national outlets including Antara, Kumparan, and Tempo examining the regulation and prompting public responses from senior government officials.

Some observers and activists say the clause could heighten discrimination against LGBTQ individuals in society, even as Indonesian ministers have defended the regulation while saying the government has no intention of curtailing the fundamental rights of citizens.

“As Indonesian citizens, LGBTQ people are entitled to education, employment, healthcare and other public services without restrictions, segregation or discrimination,” Indonesia’s Human Rights Minister Natalius Pigai told CNA in a phone interview.

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Indonesia’s Human Rights Minister Natalius Pigai. (Photo courtesy of Human Rights Ministry)

But he added that Indonesian society is not ready to accept the LGBTQ community, even as the state remains obliged to respect, protect and fulfil every citizen’s rights to education, employment, healthcare and public services.

“The time has not yet come to formally recognise them as an official group because society is not yet ready to accept them,” he said.

HOW THE CLAUSE CAME TO PUBLIC ATTENTION

While it remains unclear what first drew widespread attention to the provision, it resurfaced amid a series of developments involving LGBTQ issues. One was a Pride Month-themed social media post in mid-June by Suara Mahasiswa, a student publication at the University of Indonesia.

The post had led to a heated online debate, with critics arguing it was inconsistent with Indonesia’s religious and social norms. They questioned why it invoked the Pancasila national ideology to defend the LGBTQ community. Pancasila comprises five principles: Belief in one God, civilised humanity, national unity, democracy and social justice.

The backlash prompted the university to publicly distance itself from the post and launch an internal review.

Then in late June, the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) said it was preparing an academic paper and a draft bill to criminalise LGBTQ-related conduct for Parliament’s National Legislation Programme.

MUI deputy chairman Muhammad Cholil Nafis argued that moral appeals alone were no longer sufficient to curb what he described as the growing activities and campaign surrounding LGBTQ culture.

“If there are no legal penalties at all, it eventually becomes normal. We should not normalise it. Punishment helps people understand that it is not normal,” he said.

“Deviant activities, such as same-sex parties, are now increasingly being displayed openly in public without any sense of shame,” he added.

Scrutiny then shifted to the new regulation that had previously gone largely unnoticed.

The belated attention came as no surprise to Agus Wahyudi, head of the Inter-Religious Studies Programme at Gadjah Mada University (UGM) in Yogyakarta.

Documents such as the General National Defence Policy typically circulate within government bureaucracy and rarely become the subject of public debate, he said.

But a provision can take on political significance when a series of events – in this case, the Pride Month-themed social media post and the MUI’s planned bill – draws the public’s notice, said Agus.

“What changed was not necessarily the policy itself, but the public attention it attracted,” Agus said.

WHY WAS IT PLACED IN A NATIONAL DEFENCE DOCUMENT?

Asked whether the presidential regulation represented the first national policy to explicitly mention LGBTQ, human rights lawyer Asfinawati said Indonesia’s 2008 Pornography Law referred to “lesbian” and “homosexual” acts in its explanatory notes to a provision banning the production, distribution and sale of pornographic material.

It defined what the law described as “deviant sexual intercourse” for the purposes of pornography offences, rather than creating a standalone offence based on sexual orientation or gender identity.

Presidential Regulation No. 111/2025 goes further by classifying the “spread of LGBTQ culture” itself as a non-military threat, argued Asfinawati, the former chair of the Indonesian Legal Aid Foundation.

“This regulation no longer links it to sexual conduct. Simply having a particular sexual orientation or gender identity is placed within a threat framework,” she said.

Experts have questioned whether a national defence framework was an appropriate instrument for addressing issues such as sexual orientation and gender identity.

In principle, national defence should focus on military threats, said Tangguh Chairil, a lecturer in security studies at the Department of International Relations at Binus University, Jakarta.

Indonesia, however, classifies threats into three categories: Military, non-military and hybrid. As a result, issues beyond the traditional defence sphere are increasingly viewed as national security issues.

“Because the definition is so broad, almost anything can be treated as a national security threat,” Tangguh told CNA.

Classifying LGBTQ culture as a non-military threat under a defence framework means the issue may be treated as a security concern requiring state attention and resources, he added.

“Issues that have been successfully securitised tend to receive greater attention than others,” he said.

Yusril Ihza Mahendra, Coordinating Minister for Legal Affairs, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections, told news outlet Tempo on Jul 9 that “non-military threat” was used to categorise risks against national resilience.

In the socio-cultural context, “resilience” refers to values, ethics, character of the younger generation, families, digital space, and social cohesion, he said.

“What the government perceives as a threat is the campaign, propaganda, and dissemination of LGBT behaviour aimed at altering the values that align with the nation’s culture and morality,” he added.

Indonesia’s Chief Minister for Law and Human Rights, Yusril Ihza Mahendra, speaks as Australia’s Minister for Home Affairs, Tony Burke, listens during a press conference following their meeting in Jakarta, Indonesia, December 3, 2024. (REUTERS/Willy Kurniawan)

Asfinawati said the regulation cannot serve as the legal basis for introducing new criminal provisions or for regional governments to impose criminal sanctions unless authorised by law.

Under Indonesian law, a person’s sexual orientation as well as consensual same-sex relations between adults are not, by themselves, criminal offences. The exception is Aceh province, which implements Islamic crimina

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Internet Security

Nigeria: UNICEF chief urges child protection amid security, humanitarian crises

Violence in Nigeria The head of the U.N. children’s agency visited northwestern Nigeria on Friday as conflict, poverty and rising food insecurity leave millions of children in the region in need of aid. Catherine Russell, executive director of UNICEF, toured the state of Sokoto, where the agency is seeking to draw attention to worsening humanitarian

Violence in Nigeria

The head of the U.N. children’s agency visited northwestern Nigeria on Friday as conflict, poverty and rising food insecurity leave millions of children in the region in need of aid.

Catherine Russell, executive director of UNICEF, toured the state of Sokoto, where the agency is seeking to draw attention to worsening humanitarian challenges facing children.

She met with state officials and visited UNICEF-supported programs aimed at improving the health of both mothers and children and protecting vulnerable youngsters.

“We have to make sure that children are protected in these conflicts,” she said.

“That their healthcare is protected, that their food is protected, that their education is protected. Children can’t waste years of their life because conflicts are going on.”

Northern Nigeria is already gripped by an intensifying security crisis that has killed thousands.

The ongoing Middle East conflict has deepened food insecurity for millions living in poverty, making children in poor households more vulnerable.

According to UNICEF between 18.3 million and 23.4 million more children in monetarily poor households worldwide have fallen into deeper poverty, including 6.5 million to 8.8 million in Africa.

Nigeria has one of the world’s largest populations of impoverished children, and humanitarian organizations warn that those in the country’s conflict-torn north remain among the most vulnerable.

For some, UNICEF-supported programs have made a tangible difference.

Zainab Bello, 19, said she had been out of school before joining the agency’s “Digital Village” program.

“I was taught digital literacy… how to use a digital tool,” she said.

“I also learned how I can promote my vocational skills on various social media platforms.”

The head of the U.N. children’s agency visited northwestern Nigeria on Friday as conflict, poverty and rising food insecurity leave millions of children in the region in need of aid.

Catherine Russell, executive director of UNICEF, toured the state of Sokoto, where the agency is seeking to draw attention to worsening humanitarian challenges facing children.

She met with state officials and visited UNICEF-supported programs aimed at improving the health of both mothers and children and protecting vulnerable youngsters.

“We have to make sure that children are protected in these conflicts,” she said.

“That their healthcare is protected, that their food is protected, that their education is protected. Children can’t waste years of their life because conflicts are going on.”

Northern Nigeria is already gripped by an intensifying security crisis that has killed thousands.

The ongoing Middle East conflict has deepened food insecurity for millions living in poverty, making children in poor households more vulnerable.

According to UNICEF between 18.3 million and 23.4 million more children in monetarily poor households worldwide have fallen into deeper poverty, including 6.5 million to 8.8 million in Africa.

Nigeria has one of the world’s largest populations of impoverished children, and humanitarian organizations warn that those in the country’s conflict-torn north remain among the most vulnerable.

For some, UNICEF-supported programs have made a tangible difference.

Zainab Bello, 19, said she had been out of school before joining the agency’s “Digital Village” program.

“I was taught digital literacy… how to use a digital tool,” she said.

“I also learned how I can promote my vocational skills on various social media platforms.”

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Internet Security

UK police arrest man over threat to shoot Reform leader Nigel Farage

A man who threatened on social media in May to shoot Reform UK party leader Nigel Farage was arrested, London police said on Wednesday, as concerns grow over the security of politicians following the killing of Ann Widdecombe, a former member of parliament. The man was arrested on Tuesday on suspicion of sending threatening communications

A man who threatened on social media in May to shoot Reform UK party leader Nigel Farage was arrested, London police said on Wednesday, as concerns grow over the security of politicians following the killing of Ann Widdecombe, a former member of parliament.
The man was arrested on Tuesday on suspicion of sending threatening communications to a member of parliament…
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Internet Security

Kiambu CCTV captures 2 young men’s suspicious activity in apartment: “Who knows them?”

CCTV footage captured two young men attempting a daytime break-in in Ndumberi, sparking social media reactions amid rising insecurity and calls for vigilance…

CCTV footage captured two young men attempting a daytime break-in in Ndumberi, sparking social media reactions amid rising insecurity and calls for vigilance…
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